Importance of Character in Jan Beattys Poem, A Waitresss Instructions on Tipping or Get the Cash :: Waitresss Instructions on Tipping

Significance of Character in Jan Beatty's Poem, A Waitress' Instructions on Tipping or Get the Cash Up and Don't Waste My Time Jan Beatty's server instructs us that no measure of cash can compensate for poor character. The sonnet A Waitress' Instructions on Tipping or Get the Cash Up and Don't Waste My Time is a supplication from a server, tired and exhausted, to us, her clients. All through the initial twenty-nine lines, she provides orders on the most proficient method to tip and stresses the significance of cash in the connection among server and client. Toward the finish of line 29, we would depict the server as cool, materialistic, and unattached from her clients. At that point, in the last line, she lets us know, In case you're hopeless, there's insufficient cash on the planet. After perusing this last line, we understand that the whole sonnet exists just to set up the peruser for the peak of that last line. To show the significance of an individual's character, she develops the significance of cash all through the whole sonnet, and afterward says that character is progressively significant. Beatty utilizes logical plans all through the sonnet to accomplish various purposes. The most visual of these is the anaphora that she over and again utilizes, both to feature the topics in those lines and to stretch the line that that follows. Lines 7-9 all start with Never. The reiteration of such a solid word helps us to remember an admonishing guardian or educator and serves to catch our eye. Additionally, as each of the three lines are firmly related in significance, the anaphora makes the importance of the lines progressively clear; on the off chance that we overlooked the main issue on the principal line, we despite everything have two additional odds. Following those three lines, the server says, Overtip, overtip, overtip (10). The dull sound of the anaphora in a manner calms us, just to be shocked back by the significant order to overtip. Line 10 could summarize the topic of most of the sonnet; its arrangement following the anaphora causes us to understand its hugeness. Beat ty again utilizes anaphora in lines 26-29 which all start with Don't state. The reason for these lines is practically indistinguishable from that of lines 7-9. They rehash a significant point (not to direct wrong sentiments toward the server) and, all the more critically, make a calming, dreary sound that will be broken by the significant line tailing them. Correspondingly, the utilization of parallelism focuses on the significance of lines all through the sonnet.

7 tips for dealing with a psycho boss

7 hints for managing a psycho chief Indeed, even as well as can be expected appear to be a despot once in a while. In any case, did you realize that a few supervisors are really maniacs? As per an Australian investigation, 1 out of 5 corporate administrators showed clinically psychopathic qualities. (For reference, the pace of insane people, when all is said in done, is 1 out of each 100 individuals.) Whether your troublesome supervisor is insanely disposed or not, here are 7 methodologies you can use to collapse potential terrible manager circumstances. 1. Figure out what you’re managing with.Is your manager simply having an awful day, or would he say he resembles this constantly? It is safe to say that she is managing different elements (pressure from above, workers going missing, and so forth.) that are causing her to be extra hard on you? Or on the other hand would you say you are by and large excessively hard on her? Consider what might be causing the conduct. It probably won't legitimize it, or make the co nduct any increasingly lovely to manage, however everybody has an awful day. It’s imperative to consider whether this is really your boss’s default method of working, or if it’s only a coincidental problem.2. Get everything in writing.If your supervisor is a turmoil maker by requesting something, at that point guaranteeing later that you were requested something completely unique, it’s your statement against theirs. Record what you can-for instance, on the off chance that you were given verbal guidelines, affirm in a fast email just so everybody has a set up account of what was talked about/asked.3. Stop and take a breath.If you’re having a contention with your chief, hopping directly in with a warmed response could be something you’ll lament later. Pause for a moment, inhale, and consider your response. Once more, considering the â€Å"why† behind your boss’s conduct can likewise help keep you from responding from a position o f unadulterated stress.4. Know and stay away from the triggers.Does your supervisor consistently spin out of control when somebody is late? Be extra aware of your appearance time. Tirade about grammatical mistakes in an email? Edit twice before you hit â€Å"send.† If there’s an example to Angry Boss’s conduct, it’s certainly to your greatest advantage to comprehend what that example is and figure out how to check those triggers before they happen.5. Use correspondence strategies.This is a typical helpful strategy for improving correspondence. Utilize undivided attention by rehashing back information exchanged, and requesting explanation if essential. Numerous contentions are because of individuals not feeling tuned in to or saw, so if your supervisor thinks you’re not tuning in, it can heighten a conflict.6. Don’t let it wreck you.You have an occupation to do, and on the off chance that you let a harmful relationship with your manager influ ence your work and your conduct, that’s not going to support you. Make an effort not to think about it literally or let it influence the nature of your work. In the event that you wind up brushing things off out of disappointment with your chief, that can make your expert rep suffer.7. Heighten if necessary.If your organization has approaches to privately air your interests to HR (or a comparative representative asset) and you feel like things are arriving at a limit, think about taking your issues to them. On the off chance that you fear going to work each day in light of the hopelessness that anticipates you for the following eight hours, that’s not a circumstance that’s bravo or your organization consider finding an inner (and impartial) approach to raise the situation.We’ve all had a poisonous manager eventually in our vocations. Here and there it improves, and now and again you simply need to proceed onward. In any case, don’t let it ruin your expert life meanwhile.

Essay Topics For UF

Essay Topics For UFIf you are an aspiring ufologist, then you may want to think about developing a curriculum to help you come up with ideas for your UF essay topics. Writing a detailed and interesting article is a necessity when you have taken the time to learn more about the subject, so that you will have something to write about when you give your topic a chance at your final project.Many people are looking for ways to improve their knowledge on all aspects of UF, and that includes writing essays on various subjects. However, if you are new to the subject or even if you are a seasoned veteran, then you may not be sure how to approach the process. Here are some tips that will help you get started with the process.You want to first begin by studying and doing research on your topic. There are so many things to learn and research in UF, and you can't afford to take the easy way out. It's too easy to get lazy and fall behind on your research, and that can put you a long way from accom plishing your goals. Don't make this mistake!By the same token, don't be afraid to go out of your way to look at materials on UF. A personal library or the Internet can be your best source for things to learn. This includes books, articles, and videos.Next, you need to become familiar with the different techniques and forms of writing that are used in UF. This includes journals, newspaper, magazines, and books. Learning about the different aspects of the subject, including the different kinds of documents that are commonly found, is what will help you in your research.In addition to learning about the subject and getting to know it, you also need to become familiar with the style of writing that you will be using inyour UF essay topics. This is because you can either use formal or informal writing styles. Informal forms of writing tend to emphasize creativity and originality in their content, while formal styles emphasize the factual and academic.By putting yourself in the shoes of the reader, you will also be able to come up with a variety of ideas to write about. The main idea will be to keep in mind the reason you are writing the article, as well as the person who will be reading it. By keeping these things in mind, you will be able to write a cohesive article that is clear and concise.Using this information will help you create UF essay topics that can be used for your specific writing needs. When you begin to work on your own, try to get a hold of resources that you can use and those that other of writers have used. You will be amazed at how different they can be when you start to use them as your guide.

512 Project - 949 Words

Assignment Students name and number: Qian Li Table of Content Question 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Question 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Reference List-------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Question 1 What things need to be taken into consideration when allocating work and drawing up work plans? Consider: goals and objectives, competence, operational need, efficiency, cost effectiveness, consultation ALL of the companies operation†¦show more content†¦Facilitating a cordial and a harmonious relationship between an individual employee and the line manager based on trust and empowerment. Explain why has a code conduct (or a code of ethics or behavior) for the organization. A code is an open disclosure of the way an organization operates. It provides visible guidelines for behavior. A well-written and thoughtful code also serves as an important communication vehicle that reflects the covenant that an organization has made to uphold its most important values, dealing with such matters as its commitment to employees, its standards for doing business and its relationship with the community. Explain why regularly monitor and evaluate the work of employees is necessary. Monitoring and evaluation are important management tools to track your progress and facilitate decision making. Carries of an evaluation can be the community of people with whom your organization works. By closely examining your work, your organization can design programs and activities that are effective and yield powerful results for the community(William, et al 2010). Explain why give effective feedback and reinforcement to employees and acknowledge good work. Reinforcing feedback has a strong positive influence on behavior. Most of us like to hear compliments and feel recognized. Reinforcing feedback will encourage us to do what we did more often, andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Maximum Megaherzt Case Study990 Words   |  4 PagesCase#4 Maximum Megahertz Project Maximum Megahertz Olaf Gundersen, CEO of Wireless Telecom Company, is facing a difficult situation. He accepted a project proposed by 6 of his cleverest Ramp;D specialist, The Maximum Megahertz project. This project is now behind. In order to get out of this â€Å"quandary† and avoid such issues in the future, Olaf Gundersen and his team should ask themselves these questions. How can they learn from their mistake? How to identify a risky project and put an end to itRead MoreInternational Journal Of Project Management785 Words   |  4 PagesNetworks. International Journal of Business Administration, 4(1). o Munk-Madsen, A. (1986). Project Evaluation - Setting the Problem. DAIMI Report Series, 15(216). o Leong, C. (1991). Accountability and project management: a convergence of objectives. International Journal of Project Management, 9(4), pp.240-249. o Mikkelsen, H. (1990). Quality of project work and project management. International Journal of Project Management, 8(3), pp.138-143. o Texter, K., Waymach, R., Kavanagh, P., O Brien, J., TalbotRead MoreBase Ball Field Rfp Essay example5075 Words   |  21 PagesSmith Project Coordinator. Please include â€Å"RFP-7710† on the outside mailing label of your response package. A job-site walkthrough is scheduled for September 7, 2010, 1:00P.M. at the Dodgers Inc., 888 Baseball Street, Austin, Texas 78741 conference room #2. Bids will be reviewed on October 8th 2010 and an award will be made on November 1, 2010. The project start date is November 2nd after bid notification to bid winner and the project completion target date is March 1, 2012. 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Experienced in developing and contributing to, and supporting the organization’s mission, vision, values, and strategic goalsRead MoreSample Resume : College Management Information System2734 Words   |  11 Pages 2013-2017 A2345913035 CONTENTS 1. Objective Scope of the Project 2. Theoretical Background 3. Definition of Problem Read MoreThe Causes of Project Failure6643 Words   |  27 PagesNO. NOVEMBER 269 The Causes of Project Failure JEFFREY K. PINTO AND SAMUEL J. MANTEL, JR. and failure. Some years ago, a noted expert on project management wrote, â€Å"The many instances where project management fails overshadow the stories of successful projects [2].† While there is little reason to adopt such a pessimistic view today, if we can gain knowledge about the nature and causes of project failure, we will improve our ability to implement projects. The primary purpose of this paper isRead MoreHuffman Trucking4230 Words   |  17 Pagesof Service (DoS) and other malicious attacks. In these days of increasing identity theft, the legal consequences if customer information is not effectively protected could be extremely detrimental to Huffman business objectives. Goal Statement / Project Objectives The goal of the Huffman Information System Security Upgrade is to successfully implement sufficient and required security applications, processes, and measures identified in the following analysis. The Information System Security ReviewRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words   |  263 PagesNature release THE ESSENTIALS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SECOND EDITION The Essentials of Project Management Second Edition Dennis Lock Gower O Dennis Lock 2001 A l rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, l stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. First published 1996 This edition published by Gower Publishing Limited Gower

How to Choose a Worthy Summer College Program to Attend

Each student should take the opportunity to improve his/her learning skills whenever a chance appears. One of the common and very popular ways to gain and sharpen your own skills is to attend a summer college. Many colleges offer students who are about to graduate from the school and start attending colleges or universities to prepare for the future studying. The main objective of each student and his/her parents is to choose a worthy summer college program so that it fully suites the academic expectations. In order to make the right choice, it is necessary to pay attention to definite points, which are crucial and helpful. The first thing you are to do is to look beneath the surface of a summer program. Give heed to such factors like the location of the summer school, what activities are popular and whether there are some unfamiliar ones, make sure that it develops the right skills and encourages children for the personal development, as well as has many other essential benefits. What to Pay Attention to? If you don’t wish to make the wrong choice you should learn as much about the program as it is possible. Please, try to focus on the following tips: Classes. Identify your prerogatives as well as evaluate your personal preferences and abilities. Build your strategy around them and select the proper subjects; Term. Figure out how lasting the program is going to be. Make sure that you will have enough time for other necessities during the summer period; Staff. Evaluate the staff of your summer school. Figure out whether the workers of the school/camp are certificated and experienced. They ought to be professionals and sustain the students in all possible ways; Benefits. Identify the advantages of the program. You should define all possible facts about the abilities of the chosen institution. Identify the unique features, facilities, activities, motivation techniques, rewards, and methods that develop the personality of students. Don’t forget to find out how the program deals with possible conflicts, promotes success, and leadership skills; Feedback. Talk to people who have attended the preferred institution. Try to contact people who used to attend this or that school/camp (students and their parents). Ask their opinion concerning the effectuality of the program and the professionalism of the teaching staff; Tryout. Visit the camp/school during its session. Finally, it would be reasonable and helpful to visit the future institution on your own. This would be one of the best chances to make the final decision. Under such condition, you will figure out whether the program is good enough for you. You will understand if it can suit all your requirements. The resourcefulness of summer college programs is huge. It develops the potential of the children. Such opportunity should not be omitted. Nevertheless, the choice should be precise. Making the wrong choice, you will lose a chance to improve the learning skills you wish to work out and improve.

Persuasive Speech On Global Warming - 1554 Words

(Topic = Issue): Climate Change Title: Destroying the Atmosphere One Greenhouse Gas at a Time General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to help reduce climate change and stop deforestation by buying wood products from certified companies that help forests. Thesis Statement/Central Idea: Climate change is big problem in our world and we are cause, because of our human-induced climate change we are causing extreme weather all around the world, one solution to this problem is stopping deforestation, and we can do that through strong government enforcement of deforestation laws. Introduction I. (Attention Getter) 2016 was a record setting year for climate change. The first six months were the warmest that have†¦show more content†¦(Transition to Body) Since we all living on the Earth and contributing to climate change, let us find out what it is and how it is causing extreme weather. Body I. (Main Point = Need) According to NASA climate is made up of two things. Those two things are the climates of certain locations during the different seasons and the Earth’s climate which is a combination of all those different induvial climates. A) (Subpoint) Climate change is the change of climate in a locations usual weather during different seasons. Once all of these separate climates begin to change so does the Earth’s. 1) (Sub-subpoint) According to the EPA we are seeing rising levels in the Earth’s temperature, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and we are experiencing more extreme weather events. This climate change can be linked to extreme rises in manmade greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. 2) (Sub-sub-subpoint) From 1990 to 2014 we have seen an increase in manmade greenhouse gas levels by 7 percent. There are 4 main greenhouse gases that we are producing: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Fluorinated gases. 3) (Sub-sub-sub-subpoint) When we produce these gases they get trapped in the atmosphere. These gases absorb the heat that is radiatingShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech About Global Warming922 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: After listening to my speech, my audience will know how they can change their lives for a bigger challenge – to save the world. Thesis: Knowing what a problem nowadays is global warming, how CO2 gas affects it and how can we change it. Title: Lifestyle to make some changes INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material: Question â€Å"DoRead MorePersuasive Speech on Global Warming Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH ON GLOBAL WARMING by: Jennifer Zelmer Introduction: We all know about global warming, but do we really care or try to do at least some of the things that will help stop it or at least slow it down? 1) Over the last century our planets temp. has risen 1 degree. I know that doesnt sound like much but its been enough to melt a lot of the polar ice caps and glaciers. A) The hottest years ever recorded were in the late 1990s and early 2000s. B) In 2007 there wasRead MoreGlobal Warming - A persuasive speech1524 Words   |  7 Pagesstrive together to reduce our carbon emissions and†¦ save the planetBACKGROUND:Weve all heard about Climate Change and youve now heard me list some of its disastrous effects, but what exactly causes it? And what can we do about it?In a nutshell, global warming, known as climate change, is the heating up of our world. It is the result of huge amounts of CO2 being pumped into the atmosphere, via the burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power and electricity and thousands and thousandsRead MoreWhy Is It Important? How Your Audience As You Prepare Your Speech? Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is it important to analyze your audience as you prepare your speech? Everyone has different views, religion, values, attitudes and beliefs as many will hold one more important than others and conflict with others. This leads the audience to biases in listening to the speaker therefore may not listen attentively or care about the speech. Thus as a speaker you must know your audience is as a person, their love, views, values, and beliefs to use it to entice them to listen and care. After all itRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Kristof792 Words   |  4 Pageswhich in turn makes his essay more persuasive. Aside from displaying and building a good ethos Nicholas also excelled in formulating an effective logos. Kristof shines in his development of his logos. He uses a plethora of different sources to construct his argument from many points of views. The main point that he is trying to make is that the carbon emissions from wealthy countries in the West are seriously damaging third world countries through global warming. Throughout his passage, NicholasRead MoreSpeech On Rising Sea Level Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pages 1. Why is it important to analyze your audience as you prepare your speech? Everyone has different views, religion, values, and beliefs as many will hold one more important than others and conflict with others. This leads the audience to biases in listening to the speaker therefore may not listen attentively or care about the speech. Thus as a speaker you must know your audience is as a person, their love, views, values, and beliefs to use it to entice them to listen and care. After all it is theRead MoreHybrid Cars1485 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantages over conventional cars. Introduction I. Here is an alarming statistic: According to the website GreenerCars.com, the United States is the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming (Open with impact/Gain attention). II. By clapping your hands, how many of you are as shocked as I was to learn this information? (Poll the audience/Respond). II. There are many ways to promote a cleaner Earth. However, today I will be specificallyRead MoreSpeech Outline On Nuclear And Mechanical Engineering2827 Words   |  12 PagesUnderwood From: Yakob Kassa Communications 1101 Baccalaureate of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering Idaho State University Re: Submission of persuasive speech outline The speech outline has been done following the sample outline for persuasive speech in principles of speech course supplement book on page 147 and implementing the persuasive skeleton outline format on page 146. The table of content will help navigate through the outline if you click on the desired section. Regards, YakobRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Persuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Title: Recycling General Purpose: To Persuade the audience Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to recycle materials for saving the Earth. Central Idea: You should recycle materials because it can help the Earth save i. Introduction (Attention) A. Attention getter – How many people read a paper on a daily bases? How many people throw it in the trash when they are done? How many people drink some sort of bottled drink throughoutRead MoreVegetarian Is The New Prius Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesswims except ships†. Nevertheless, I eat more fruit, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains but less meat to make careful choices for environmental protection. Similarly, Kathy Freston argues that animal agriculture is one of the top contributors to global warming. In her Huffington Post selection â€Å"Vegetarian Is the New Prius,† Freston lists how many emissions of greenhouse gases people make when they eat meat and illustrates the consumption of tree in animal agriculture. She effectively convinces her audiences

CIPD for Sustainability - Property and the Economy -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCIPD for Sustainability, Property and the Economy. Answer: Concept of CPD and its importance for HR practitioner The CPD stands for continuing professional development and it can allow for improving the skills and abilities to become competent in the field of HR profession as well as enhance the professional career experience with ease and effectiveness. The continuing professional development will not only make the HR practitioner establish himself or herself as a successful person to manage the human resources properly, but can also allow for safeguarding the public, the employer, professional and career too. It could provide benefits to the individuals and their professionals as well as benefit the public by becoming more competent and skilled as a HR practitioner (Clutterbuck 2014). It could be an effective career long obligation needed by the practicing professionals and even ensure successful growth and development of the individuals career. The skills and abilities would be kept in pace with the actual standards of the organization and furthermore improve the skills, knowledge and expert ise of the HR practitioner to deliver a better professional service to its customers and the entire community. The information and knowledge obtained should remain updated, which could allow for managing changes at a faster rate and make meaningful contribution to the team to ensure successful human resource management as well. It would also enable moving forward in career as well as influence others through motivation and encouragement, furthermore increase public confidence in the field of profession as a whole (Lee 2017). CIPD could also contribute to the betterment of life, sustainability, property and the economy of the country too. CIPD profession map The CIPD profession map could set the bar high by setting up proper goals and objectives and at the same time make me understand what to do and how to accomplish tasks with ease and effectiveness. Various skills and knowledge shall be required for becoming an effective HR practitioner. The three major professional areas that should be covered in the self-assessment could be the resource and talent planning, employee engagement and management of good employee relations. It would allow for determining the best HR and LD professionals and ensure successful functioning of the organization along with better management of employees too (Hardingham 2017). As a HR practitioner, I would like to focus on providing incentives to the employees and even motivate them through guidance, so that employee engagement would be possible and they could be influenced to perform to their potential. I would like to provide them with rewards for their better performances, which could not only lead to better performances but also would enhance their ability to learn and develop with time to contribute to the organizations efficiency. Resourcing and talent planning could be another area where I need to focus on for managing the processes of recruitment and selection properly as well as train the workers to improve their skills, knowledge and expertise level (Saundry and Wibberley 2016). The major development needs include training because of lack of confidence and skills among the individuals, need for motivation to perform better and better learning opportunities. I would like to arrange training and developmental sessions for them so that they could enhance their skills, knowledge and expertise and become successful in performing to their potential. I would provide them with developmental programs where they could gain more scopes and opportunities to excel in their field and at the same time, possess skills to make decisions and choices that should be beneficial for the growth and development of the organization they had been working for (Charlwood, Stuart and Trusson 2017). Three key internal customers of HR The three major internal customers of HR are the employees, managers and departments where the employees have been working. The employees are the customers who need good working conditions, culture and proper guidance to ensure successful performing to their potential within the organization whereas the managers are responsible for managing the workforce. The managers need proper leadership skills and decision-making abilities to guide the team members in the right direction as well as enable them to set goals and objectives that are needed to be achieved. The managers need proper training to enhance their leadership skills and make sure that he workforce consists of skilled, knowledgeable and expert employees to contribute to the business efficiency (Mearns 2014). The various departments need proper amount of resources along with necessary attributes to form a dedicated workforce that can accomplish the business goals and objectives with much ease and effectiveness. The employees ne ed to be kept satisfied otherwise their dedication and morale would be lowered, which could deteriorate the business performance as a whole too (Davies 2017). Employees Employees often get into conflicts due to difference in their opinions and responses, because of which, it is essential for proper guidance by the HR manager to mediate the disputes and furthermore interpret the company policies to set up an appropriate behavior within the workplace. They need someones support that can guide them in the right direction as well as resolve conflicts arising from language differences, disrespectful behaviors within the workplace and poor attitudes too. The HR manager could make them understand their mistakes, provide measures that would make them overcome the issues, and create a good atmosphere and working conditions for the employees (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Sharing the responsibilities and consolidation of systems for efficiency are other things that the employees need. Managers The managers of the organizations need proper relationship and trust with the HR to make the best staffing decisions with the best interests of the respective departments. The organizational structure might not provide enough support to the front line managers based on the expertise, knowledge and qualifications of the HR staffs. The HR could motivate and encourage the managers to make the right decisions as well as develop the strategic direction of the organization to accomplish the goals and objectives perfectly. Managers also need proper training provided by the managers to manage employee relations and strengthen the employee employer relationship (Cascio 2018). The training regarding anti-discrimination and harassment preventions laws for the managers could help in preventing conflicts, misunderstandings and keep the workforce motivated as well to perform their best within the workplace. Often the processes of recruitment and selection require coordination between the HR recrui ters and department hiring managers. The managers expect HR to comprehend those things that they need to present among the employees, furthermore influence the hiring decisions (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). Departments The HR departments require consolidation of HR data, information and processes including the management and administration of employees, employee and manager self-service functions, tax compliance, reporting and analytics, management of payroll activities, etc. The various departments also need proper resources so that the tasks could be completed properly and the goals and objectives could be achieved with ease and effectiveness. There are various departments including the HR department, finance department and operations department. The departments need partnership working with the involvement of managers, team members and employees so that the departments could function efficiently (Quirke 2017). Conflicting needs and priorities The conflicting needs and priorities are identified with the help of monitoring the performances of managers, various departments and the employees. By understanding their performances, it would be easy to identify any kinds of conflicts that have arisen and take necessary steps for minimizing the impact of those kinds of conflicts with ease. It would also be important to conduct performance appraisal at SABIC. As it is a chemical manufacturing company, so it would also be essential for making sure that the employees activities are monitored at regular intervals to maintain safety within the workplace. The managerial conflicts could be dealt with the help of meetings where the causes of conflicts should be understood and necessary precautions should be taken for preventing any such occurrences furthermore (Morgan, Paucar-Caceres and Wright 2014). The conflicts among the employees could be resolved by providing them with necessary benefits for fulfilling their requirements and prefere nces and ensuring that that could work perfectly at SABIC, Saudi Arabia. Three methods of communication along with the pros and cons A project management or social collaboration platform could be created at SABIC for improving the communication with the internal customers as well as provide the employees with access to the platforms for promoting effective communication an teamwork. It could promote seamless sharing and exchange of information and data, furthermore improve the productivity level and bring together people, data and processes for ensuring proper problem solving techniques and decision making. One of the major drawback could be the lack of experience in handling or managing the social media platforms along with higher costs associated with its implementation within the workplace (Ovard and Greeff 2013). Emails could act as effective communication procedures for leveraging the subject line as well as make the receiver understand the messages properly. It could be done for communicating with the employees and gain their immediate attention that would require immediate actions too. Emails might often result in making the receiver not getting the messages properly and it could get into the outbox and remain undelivered. Feedbacks should be provided as soon as the receiver get the message or information transferred. Telephonic conversations and video conferencing could also be beneficial for communicating with the internal customers. Video conferencing could allow the managers at SABIC to view each other and talk about certain matters to get the work done (Vaishnavi and Kuechler 2015). Video conferencing might not be a success due to a bad internet connection of lower bandwidth, which could be a major disadvantage of such kind of communication. Effectiveness of HR service delivery at the organization HR service delivery at SABIC is maintained properly to deliver the best quality services to the employees and even handle the difficult customers properly by accepting their complaints and feedbacks and responding to those immediately too. The complaints from the internal customers regarding some kinds of issues or conflicts could be managed by communicating with the employees and then plan for necessary remedial procedures. The time and budget should be considered to check whether the services could be feasible or not and how much time should be required for handling the issues within the workplace (Navin et al. 2014). Rather than just receiving the complaints of the customers, it would be important for the HR to make sure that the feedbacks of the employees were focused on and the sources of such kinds of issues could be identified. This could assist in undertaking immediate actions and even penalize the individual who might be held liable for the causes of such conflicts or issues at SABIC. HR summary reports According to the MyCPD, it could be understood about the behaviors in certain areas required to meet certain expectations with ease and convenience. From the HR summary reports, I have been quite competent in the areas of employee engagement, management of employee relationships and conflict resolutions. This could not only make me gain the ability to undertake actions, but also deliver the best positive outcomes for ensuring tracking the progress and completing the tasks within the allocated time and budget as well (Arciniegas, Janssen and Rietveld 2013). With the help of my leadership skills, behaviors and decision-making skills, I would likely meet the agreed standards and expectations, furthermore manage the resourcing and talent planning properly. This would not only improve my skills, knowledge and expertise, but could even allow me to benefit the organization where I had been working. From the business reports, it is clear that I need to work with the managers at different lev els of the organization to focus on the actual outcomes and manage identification and resourcing of talents properly to improve the business efficiency (Souza et al. 2015). According to the HR summary reports from MyCPD, with the help of my competency skills, it would be easy for me to analyze the resources and talent data and information to manage successful retention, new hires and turnover. It could even enhance my skills to provide advices and opinions to the managers and managers about managing the human resources properly and strengthen the workforce capability. These are few of my strengths, which can allow me to conduct researches and the various recruitment procedures, furthermore administer the selection processes activities such as online testing, psychometric testing and management of interviews (Tiller, Gentry and Richards 2013). Few of the gaps that could be identified from the HR summary reports could be lack of ability to manage talent and succession planning, inability to manage the principles of appropriate objective assessment and difference in assessment methodologies including the role-playing sessions, presentations vary for the in dividuals and even the interviews conducted. I would like to act as a role model, so that the employees could get motivated and influenced and at the same time, support the best practices and ideas with the other employees. It would also be beneficial for me to provide accurate financial data to support the plans adopted by the team members, furthermore regulate the HRM practices to ensure accuracy and meeting the agreed standards of the organization too (Sabic.com 2018). Few of the strengths include obtaining the feedbacks and responses and responding to those accordingly for facilitating the development opportunities and even providing appropriate financial data for financial planning and HR budgeting. The insights, strategy and solutions could be applied at senior level with the help of assessment of financial performance and checking the amount that could be considered as rate of return on investments. It could also be understood from the HR summary reports that the legal, financial and market factors should be analyzed for dealing with the issues faced within the organization and ensure successful functioning at SABIC (Alfes et al. 2013). The stakeholders should be identified such as shareholders or investors, employees, customers, managers, suppliers to focus on the development of stakeholder group map, furthermore meet their expectations and keep them satisfied too. Development plan What do I want/need to learn? What will I do to achieve this? What resources or support will I need? What will my success criteria be? Target dates for review and completion I need to focus on managing the human resources to promote employee engagement and management of positive employee relations I will guide the team members properly and make them understand the goals and objectives that are needed to be achieved Incentives should be provided along with good working conditions for influencing the staffs and keeping them motivated as well. The success criteria would be to maintain positive relationships between the employer and employee 15 th April, 2018 To identify the internal customers and conflicting needs and priorities It could be done through performance measurement and appraisal along with the monitoring of their performances Web cameras, performance measurement reports could be assessed as well To identify the gaps and their weaknesses based on which the issues could be overcome with ease 20 th April, 2018 Utilising the different methods of communication Use of emails, video conferencing tools and media platforms These tools and techniques could not only establish good communication but would also facilitate the abilities of the individuals to discuss about certain matters Once good communication is established within the workplace and the business functions are managed much more easily 30th April, 2018 References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human resource management, 52(6), pp.839-859. Arciniegas, G., Janssen, R. and Rietveld, P., 2013. Effectiveness of collaborative map-based decision support tools: Results of an experiment. Environmental modelling software, 39, pp.159-175. Cascio, W., 2018. Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Charlwood, A.M., Stuart, M. and Trusson, C., 2017. Human capital metrics and analytics: assessing the evidence of the value and impact of people data. Clutterbuck, D., 2014. Everyone needs a mentor. Kogan Page Publishers. Davies, J., 2017. CIPD's profession for the future project and its implications for the HRD curriculum in UK universities. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hardingham, A., 2017. The coach's coach: Personal development for personal developers. Kogan Page Publishers. Lee, G., 2017. Leadership coaching: From personal insight to organisational performance. Kogan Page Publishers. Mearns, L., 2014. 'Negotiation and the management of interpersonal relationships within the workplace'. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), pp.183-202. Morgan, L., Paucar-Caceres, A. and Wright, G., 2014. Leading effective global virtual teams: The consequences of methods of communication. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 27(6), pp.607-624. Navin, A.H., Navimipour, N.J., Rahmani, A.M. and Hosseinzadeh, M., 2014. Expert grid: new type of grid to manage the human resources and study the effectiveness of its task scheduler. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(8), pp.6175-6188. Ovard, D.K. and Greeff, R., Round Rock Research LLC, 2013. Wireless communication systems, interrogators and methods of communication within a wireless communication system. U.S. Patent 8,351,968. Quirke, B., 2017. Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Sabic.com. (2018). SABIC - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.sabic.com [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018]. Saundry, R.A. and Wibberley, G., 2016, April. Workplace MediationTransforming the Culture of Conflict Management?. In CIPD Applied Research Conference 2015: The shifting landscape of work and working lives. Published Conference paper. CIPD. Souza, R.G., Rosenhead, J., Salhofer, S.P., Valle, R.A.B. and Lins, M.P.E., 2015. Definition of sustainability impact categories based on stakeholder perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 105, pp.41-51. Tiller, R., Gentry, R. and Richards, R., 2013. Stakeholder driven future scenarios as an element of interdisciplinary management tools; the case of future offshore aquaculture development and the potential effects on fishermen in Santa Barbara, California. Ocean coastal management, 73, pp.127-135. Vaishnavi, V.K. and Kuechler, W., 2015. Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press.

About Forest Fires

About Forest Fires Free Online Research Papers Forest fires can be caused by nature or by humans. But either way they can both threaten the lives of innocent people and animals. Not all fires are bad though some are set on fire on purpose. A few ways forest fires can be prevented is by having strict laws to do with fire. Such as camp fires, smoking or anything hazardous to becoming a fire. A great example where fire laws are strict is at Yellow Stone National park founded in 1872. There are hundreds of fires in yellow stone park a year. Even thought there are hundreds of fires there they continue to do controlled burns to remove non-native plants. Forest fires have negative affects to the home of humans and animals. They can destroy all the under brush and tress where animals live. They wipe out hundreds of homes and buildings. Some fires even kill innocent people who get trapped in the middle of the fires path. Although there are many negative facts about fire there are many positive affects to. For example if a are is crowded with tress or many old and dead trees it can clean things up by burning them leaving room for new trees. If an area is being over taken by a foreign plant then it will eliminate that plant and let the old one come back to life. Fires may also destroy bad tree diseases such as bark beetle. All in all I think forest fires are a huge part of are environment. As long as forest fires are controlled we can learn to live with them and to use them to our advantage. Maybe some day scientist of the future will use our research to find a stop the bad fires that can destroy thousands of acres. In conclusion forest fires can be very helpful but very deadly. Research Papers on About Forest FiresWhere Wild and West MeetGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay

buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay The users of the steroids are in most of the situation prompted to use the drug in a combination of other drugs that are similarly harmful to them. These includes the classes of stimulants, pain killers, depressants, drugs that are anti-inflammatory in addition to other types of hormones that are viewed to cause effects of offsetting the side effects that are brought about by the use of steroids. It is however a paradox that the use of these types of drugs are a strategy for further escalation of the chances that adverse reactions will prevail. Most of the steroids are usually manufactured through illegal means. They are also traded in black markets and therefore the possibility of their quality control in non existent. They may also be bogus, mislabeled as well as contaminated. This is therefore consequential for the addition of the harms that are associated with the use of the drug. There are however some cases where the drug may be used for medical purposes which a is a valid as well as genuine case of the use of steroids. The use of the drug on a medical basis is aimed at the treatment of diseases such as the breast cancer, anemia, cases of osteoporosis, hereditary angiodema which is a form of swelling disorder as well as endometris. There is however no use that hae so far been sanctioned for the use of the steroids in the case of the purposes of cosmetics or the performance of the athletics. As a result of the side effects that are negative in addition to the potentialities associated with the abuse of the drug. There has been a need for the classification of the steroids in the class of the substances that are controlled. These are usually associated with stiff penalties in cases of suspected trafficking their possession as well as their use if this is not on a medical ground. Most of the associations of the athletics, International Olympic Committee, includ ed conducts the tests against the use of the steroids among the participants and in case the use of the drug is detected there is an imposition of a stiff penalty (Sherwood, 2008). Side effects in addition to the complications of the use of anabolic steroid. There are varying degrees of the side effects that are associated with the use of steroids which are of a serious magnitude are are commonly experienced among the users. The side effects may be reversible but at the same time they may be a possible cause of a permanent damage. They are associated with the damage of the liver. According to research that has so far been conducted in the cases of hospitalized patients, there is an indication of the damage of the liver as a result of the use of the steroids. The steroids are responsible for the reduction of the potential functioning of the liver. There is a possibility of the bleeding of the liver which is a cystic condition that may be fatal. The use of the steroids has strong connections with the cancer of the liver although in cases that are rare. They also have potential effects on the victims cardiovascular system in as far as the heart is concerned. This situation has however suffered from a deficiency of research but some studies in addition to some investigations have indicated that the use of the drug is a potential factor of risk for the damage of the cardiovascular system. This is accompanied by the problems of the blood pressure in addition to the lipoproteins of the like of cholesterol. There is additional evidence of the potential danger to the victims heart in addition to the high possibility of the occurrence of the heart diseases in addition to the instances of stroke and this is most common in the case of the use of the drug in an oral manner (Sherwood, 2008). Buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay

Balanced Scorecard Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Balanced Scorecard Implementation - Essay Example Secondly the study has discovered the existence of a negative correlation between the four elements - financial, customer, internal business processes and, learning and growth - of the BSC framework and effective development and integration of information systems as determined by costs. Thus this study is particularly influenced by the relevance or irrelevance of establishing a contingency convergent/divergent theoretical and conceptual model on the relative significance of the existing frameworks for analysis of the BSC framework and ERP environment related endogenous and exogenous variables that have a primary and an immediate impact on learning outcomes such as the need for flexible and cost-effective information systems. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) environment of the modern business organization is determined by three fundamental characteristics. They are material requirements planning (MRP), Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) and digital information systems (DIS) (Esteves, & Pastor, J2001). Thus the ERP environment of the business organization is all about information systems and their design and implementation by using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework. The BSC framework on the other hand consists of four distinct but integral elements, i.e. financial management, customer related perspectives, internal business processes and, learning and growth (Kalpan & Norton 1992). In order for the organization to successfully adopt measures related to BSC performance, the organization would have to adopt ERP measures simultaneously so that the former can be more effective. For instance ERP environment has comparative advantages directly related to BSC framework. Organizations that adopt BSC f ramework as a strategic measure to achieve positive organizational outcomes are compelled to adopt comparatively better MRP, CIM and/or DIS policies. This is determined by competition.Thus the internal corporate environment of the organization is extensively determined by the BSC framework because the above constraint/advantage has a direct impact on the four main elements and their respective sub-elements in the BSC framework. This in turn can be assumed to present a structural and componential framework for reference in establishing a set of paradigms or standards in the examination of ERP systems for effective adoption of information systems in the organization. The consistent need for such effective and flexible information systems and sub-structures thereof has been emphasized time and again by researchers and analysts thus focusing attention on the far reaching consequences of design and implementation of such information systems. The organizational setting requires such ERP m easures to be evaluated in advance for their degree of convergence

Contract law as practiced in Europe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract law as practiced in Europe - Case Study Example The aim of this letter is to examine whether your wife has a chance of getting a favourable settlement in court if she decides to take legal action against you after all. The issue here is whether Penny's case will succeed if brought to court. In other words, will the case find you, Max Power, liable of paying Penny the money that you owe her for support for the past six months This is given the fact that the two of you are still legally married under the Irish Family Law Act 1995 and you having promised to support your wife who is unable to work because of the work place accident that she had five years ago. These are the questions I, as your legal adviser, will be trying to answer in this letter. As to whether Penny's case will succeed if it comes before any Irish family court, I strongly believe that your wife stands a higher chance of convincing the judge to force you to clear the outstanding balance and to continue paying her the monthly allowances. This is if she accuses you on other grounds apart from the current grounds of ostensibly breaking a contract. However, since she has opted to sue you for breaking a contract, I believe that her case does not stand a chance in a court of law in England. This is because there is no legal document that exists showing that the two of you entered in any form of contract. ... 3 In June 2008, you left for Dubai and left your wife alone at home 4 You verbally agreed to pay Penny support allowances of $1500 verbally and you did so for six months 5 In January 2009, you met Stacey Floodgates and soon took her in as your partner 6 Since January 2009, you defaulted on paying Penny her monthly allowances 7 Five years ago, Penny had an accident which left her unable to work, and so she had been relying on her husband's support payments for upkeep 8 The reason why Penny is suing you is because she believes that the contract between the two of you, though verbal, was binding Rule Statement and Rule Synthesis For a contract to be binding under the European code of conduct, there are some requirements that it has to meet. These are generally referred to as "the three c's" (Gordley, 2008). The first is the cause, whereby a reason should have emerged that required for the drafting of the contract (Gordley, 2008). The second is consideration. This is whereby the two parties must have identified the form of contract that is best to enter into to given their circumstances. The third and most important aspect of a contract in our case here is the consent (Gordley, 2008). This is an indication that the parties went through the contract and agreed to abide by the terms provided for there. This consent is indicated in form of a signature that is appended by both parties in the contract. Without a signature, leave alone without the written document, the contract is null and void, and nobody can be accused of breaching it. The only exception whereby an actual signature is not needed on the document is when the contract is done online (Orlando, 2009). But even these form of contracts, under the Irish law that governs electronic contracts,

Encephalitis Is An Infection Of The Brain Biology Essay

Encephalitis Is An Infection Of The Brain Biology Essay Encephalitis is an infection of the brain that cause of irritation and inflammation to the brain Medical Encylopedia, 2012. Primary encephalitis is happened when the infection of the brain or spinal cord. Secondary encephalitis is happened when the infection is started to spread to the whole body and to the brain (Nordqvist, 2009). Encephalitis is a swelling of the brain parenchyma (nervous tissue in brain) that responsible for function of electrochemical communication and the ability of body to send message to different parts (david) http://www.doereport.com/imagescooked/4049W.jpg Goodman (2003) argued that encephalitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the parenchyma of the brain. It is caused by direct viral invasion or hypersensitivity initiated by a virus. Encephalitis is characterized by inflammation primarily in the gray matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuronal death can result in edema. There can be damage to the vascular system and inflammation of the arachnoid and pia matter. 1.1.1 Encephalitis http://findlaw.doereport.com/imagescooked/4047W.jpg Debbie Bridges (2012) argue that encephalitis is a swelling of the brain tissue, it will become serious when it can cause change personality, debility and another symptoms with the different part of brain affected. It usually happened to children and elder with low immune system. It is very rare, in U.S, about one in 200,000 people in year. Nordqvist (2009) agreed that encephalitis is acute inflammation of the brain because immune system of the body is too low to attacks viral infection. Fever and headache usually the first symptoms and it become more dangerous like unconsciousness, confusion and coma. The patient will be faced a problem such as behaviour changes, loss of memory, language and speech problem (aphasia) and epilepsy. Arthropod à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ borne (mosquito à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ borne) viruses and herpes simplex (herpes simplex type 1) are the most common that causes encephalitis. Encephalitis is an acute febrile disease usually of viral origin and involves with nervous system (). 1.1.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis According to kumar 2004, viral encephalitis is infection of the brain at parenchymal almost constantly associated with meningoencephalitis (meningeal inflammation) and sometimes with encephalomyelitis (involves spinal cord). 1.2 Anatomy of brain http://healthy-lifestyle.most-effective-solution.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/human-anatomy-brain.jpg Figure Anatomy of the brain http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/dura-mater-superior-sagittal-sinus-subdural-space-subarachnoid-space-falx-cerebri-periosteal-meningeal-arachnoid-villus.jpg Figure Layer of meninges The brain is protected by the scalp, the skull and the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier. The structures of brain consists cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem and pituitary gland. Layer of meninges include the dura mater (strongest layer), arachnoid mater) and pia mater (nearest to the brain). (Stephen n all 2010). Antranik (2011) states that meninges are surround the brain and protect the brain itself. The function meninges is cover and protect the blood vessel that supply at brain and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the pia mater and arachnoid mater. Dura mater consists periosteal and meningeal at immediately deep to the poriosteum. Tortora (2009) notes that the function of the blood- brain barrier (BBB) is to protect the brain from harmful substances and pathogens by prevent it enter brain through blood. The function of CSF is protecting the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injury. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Each area of cerebrum is the most important function for example controls movement and languages. The function of cerebellum is control coordination and movement. Function of brainstem is control involuntary functions such as blood pressure, temperature and breathing movement. The structure that controls of the endocrine gland is pituitary gland (Stephen 2010) 1.3 Type of Encephalitis Western equine encephalitis is arboviral infection that spread by mosquitoes which more occur in summer and most common in young children. St. Louis encephalitis is more usually at United States and affected older person. It is more seriously than younger person. West Nile fever is a form of encephalitis that caused by falvivirus, spread by mosquitoes with certain birds as an intermediate host. Encephalitis has spread from northeastern United States. Neuroborreliosis (lyme disease) is due by a spirochete, transmitted by tick bites in summer season. The part of the tick bite is red with a pale center and gradually increasing size. Herpes simplex encephalitis is arising from spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the trigeminal nerve ganglion. It is occurs occasionally and dangerous. This encephalitis can cause extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the brain and usually involves the frontal and temporal lobes figures .. http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter5/images5/5-hsvl.jpg Figure heamorrhagic necrosis of the temporal and frontal lobe in adult Herpes Simplex Virus encephalitis. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Causes encephalitis Figure 2 a herpes simplex virus the most common cause encephalitis. Viral infection is the cause that affects the encephalitis. Encephalitis may be cause with different type of viruses. Herpes simplex virus is the main cause of severe cases in all ages including newborns. The person will get this virus from an infected person through breathing in respiratory droplets and skin contact. It can also through by insect bites like a mosquito and contaminated food or drink. Arbovirus encephalitis is a viral encephalitis that carried by insect (mosquito and ticks). It is rare condition where severe case more likely is happened to young children and elderly. Picture of Culex mosquito laying eggs Figure Culex mosquito laying eggs Picture of arbovirus transmission cycle It also may cause by a vaccine such as rubella, mumps and measles (Kathryn Sue 1994). Adenovirus, coxsackievirus. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Echovirus are also associated with encephalitis. A number of viruses for which there is now a vaccine may also cause encephalitis. These include meales, mumps, polio, rabies, rubella, varicella (chickenpox). Other causes of encephalitis may be occurring by an allergic reaction to vaccinations, autoimmune disease, bacteria (lyme disease and tuberculosis) and the effects of cancer. According to (Christian Nordiqst ) the causes of encephalitis can be category by two which are primary (infectious) encephalitis and secondary (post infectious) encephalitis. For primary encephalitis, there are three main categories of viruses which are common viruses (herpes simplex virus) , childhood viruses (measles ,mumps), and arboviruses. Secondary encephalitis can be caused by a complication of viral infection. 2.2 Incidence 2.2.1 Incidence Encephalitis in Malaysia In September 1998, an epidemic of severe fever encephalitis among pig farmers was first reported in the state of Perak Malaysia that was associated with high rate mortality. At first death were thought by Japanese encephalitis (JE) that is endemic in Malaysia and occur occasionally. However, characteristic of JE is different to these cases. A few cases patients were young children and most of the cases happened to men that have worked with pigs. Whereas, JE is mosquito borne that most common among young children and has no associated with particular occupation. JE was eliminated from possibility JE was the cause due to illness and deaths among infected pigs. By February 1999, similar disease were happened in pigs and humans in other area in Malaysia. 2.2.2 Incidence Encephalitis in Overseas Different viruses will occur in different locations. Many cases will tend to cluster in a certain season. According to Kathryn Sue (1994) the arthropod à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬borne occurs in epidemics with different incidence like as geographic and seasonal incidence (table). Eastern equine encephalitis is the least common of encephalitis but is the most serious encephalitis. table Viral encephalitis Type Geographic incidence Seasonal incidence Arthropod- borne : Eastern equine encephalitis Eastern United States Autumn Western equine encephalitis Uniform distribution, throughout the United States Summer and early fall St. Louis encephalitis Widespread distribution , in the far west occur in rural area, elsewhere in urban areas Late summer Venezuelan equine encephalitis Sourthwestern united States Year round California virus encephalitis Midwestern states Early fall Herpes simplex encephalitis No particular geographic distribution No seasonal incidence Poliovirus poliomyelitis Sporadic distribution where nonimmunized persons cluster Summer and ealy fall Rabies Sporadic distribution throughout the United States Bites more common in the late spring and throughout the early fall DISEASE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION VECTOR/ HOSTS Herpes encephalitis United states / the world Human to human contact West Nile encephalitis Africa, West Asia, Middle East, United States Mosquito / mostly birds Eastern equine encephalitis East Coast (from Massachussetts to Florida), Gulf Coast Mosquito / birds Western equine encephalitis Western United States and Canada Mosquito / birds Venezuelan equine encephalitis Western Hemisphere Mosquito / rodents La Crosse encephalitis United States (Midwestern Southeastern) Mosquito / chipmunks, squirrels St. Louis encephalitis Milwestern mid- Atlantic United States Mosquito/ birds Japanese encephalitis Temperate Asia, southern and southeastern Asia Mosquito/ birds and pigs Picture of worldwide distribution of major arboviral encephalitides Figure worldwide distribution and arbovirus transmission cycle. 2.3 Mortality/morbidity Encephalitis may be a mild infectious disease to a severe disorder that is life-threatening. The dramatic clinical manifestations of encephalitis are fever delirium or confusion progressing to unconsciousness, seizure activity cranial nerve palsies, paresis and paralysis, involuntary movement and abnormal reflexes. Signs of marked intracranial pressure may be present, 2.3.1 Mortality Charles Patrick 2012 argued that the certain of patients with encephalitis the death rate can be high. The death rates of St. Louis encephalitis can up to 30% of the cases. For Japanese encephalitis, the range death rate is from 0.3% to 60% of the people infected usually within the first week of illness and herpes encephalitis, 50%-755 of people die within 18 months. In contrast, it can increase survival up 90% when treatment by acyclovir (Zovirax). 2.3.2 Morbidity According to james nina 2004. Survival rates are due to the etiology of the disease. In some cases it can be fatal. In USA, according to Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention), encephalitis most occur in children, elderly people and individuals have weakened immune systems approximately in 0.5 in every 100,000 individuals. Besides that, in UK the National Health Service (NHS) places a figure at 1.5 cases per 100,000 people. ( Christian Nordqist 2009) 2.4 Signs and Symptoms 2.4.1 Symptoms of Encephalitis Before encephalitis begins, some patients will feel cold or stomach infection. For the case of encephalitis is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar with other disease such as fever (not very high), mild headache, low energy and poor appetite. For other symptom is confusion, drowsiness, light sensitivity, vomiting, irritability or poor temper control. (encephalitis , 2012) According to Christian norqist 2009, symptom for less common severe in encephalitis is the patients will experience stiff neck and back (occasionally). There also can be stiffness of the limbs, slow movement and clumsiness. The patient will also have cough and feels drowsy. For the more severe cases, the patients experience severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, hearing problems, hallucination, seizures and possibly coma. The patient will be become aggressive for some cases. (christain norqist 2009). Symptoms of encephalitis in infants and newborns may be difficult to recognize. The parent or guardian should be alert of baby crying more than often (there will become worse when the baby is picked up and comforted). Besides that, the parent should be look out of vomiting, soft spot on the top of the head (frontal) may bulge out more. Other symptoms are includes body stiffness and poor feeding. (christain norqist 2009). For emergency symptoms in encephalitis is the patients will loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, coma, muscle weakness, seizures, severe headache, and sudden change in mental functions which are amnesia, lack of mood, impaired of judgement inability to make decision and less interest in daily activities. (encephalitis 2012) 2.4.2 Signs of Encephalitis Signs of encephalitis may be show muscle weakness, speech problem, skin rash, mouth ulcers, mental confusion and neck stiffness. Other than that, signs of encephalitis are abnormal reflexes and increased intracranial pressure. Table Summary of symptoms Symptoms of encephalitis Less severe More severe In newborn and young infants Mild headache Fever Poor appetite Light sensitivity Vomiting Disorientation Stiff neck and back Severe headache Nausea Vomiting Confusion Memory loss Speech problem Hallucination Seizures coma body stiffness poor feeding Bulging soft spots on the top head table Summary signs of encephalitis Signs of encephalitis Muscle weakness Mouth ulcers Neck stiffness Skin rash Speech problem Abnormal reflexes Increased intracranial pressure Mental confusion 2.5 Pathophysiology The virus causes inflammation of brain tissue. The brain tissue swells (cerebral edema), which may destroy nerve cells, cause bleeding in the brain (intracerebral haemorrhage), and brain damage. When the virus spread by haematogenous (via bloodstream) like example rabies virus, it replicates outside the CNS and enter in the CNS. Since the virus through the blood- brain barrier t virus enter neural cells. These will result disruption of cell functioning, perivascular congestion, haemorrhage and a diffuse inflammatory response that disproportionately affects gray matters over white matter. Certain virus depend to neuron cell membrane preceptors that only found in specific parts of the brain like example Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) more likely causes haemorrhage necrotic encephalitis with predilection for the limbic system, inferior and medial temporal lobes. (David) According to james nina 2004, individuals who obtain encephalitis more frequently develop permanent neurologic disabilities. This condition is more serious than meningitis. This is happened when the viral infection produce in cerebral edema with numerous hemorrhagic spots scattered throughout the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum. 2.6 Histopathology 2.6.1 Arthropod- Borne Viral Encephalitis CHAPTER THREE IMAGING MODALITIES 3.1 Computer Tomography (CT scan) Computer Tomography is the combination of computer technology and x-rays as a result two dimensional images of organ, bones and tissues. To detect sign of encephalitis or inflammation of the meninges, usually procedure with contrast is required. The contrast is injected into bloodstream to more differentiate tissues in the brain. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) Mahesh (2011) states that in adult, encephalitis in CT scans visualize hypodensity in the temporal lobe either bilaterally or unilaterally. It also involves with or without frontal lobe. 3.2 Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) MRI is use strong magnet and computer- generates radio waves to produce more detail images of body structures which are tissues, bones, organs and nerves. MRI is better than CT scan which is give more clearly picture that can help to recognize brain and spinal cord inflammation. Infection, tumors, eye disease and blood vessel irregularities that can be stroke. The images that require more detail, a contrast may be injected. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) 3.3 Electroencephalography (EEG) EEG is use by monitoring electrical activity in the brain through the skull to detect abnormal brain waves. The function of EEG is to help diagnose certain seizure disorder, specific viral infection, for example herpes virus and inflammation of the brain or spinal cord. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) 3.4 Ultrasonography Mahesh (2011) states that the role of ultrasonography in detects herpes encephalitis are limited. This is because it limited to identify the periventicular destructive process in neonatal evaluation ultrasonogaphy. Ultrasound showing a good near field but less far field resolution (Cranial Ultrsonography in Neonates 2010) . According to (james nina , 2004) MRI is precious diagnosis because it can detect brain inflammation earlier than Computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, nuclear medicine studies, or EEG evaluation. Other anomalies such as a brain abscess or subdural emphysema or hematoma that mimics the clinical sign of viral encephalitis can be rule out by MR. 3.5 Nuclear Imaging CHAPTER FOUR IMAGES OF FEATURES OF PATHOLOGY 4.1 Computed Tomography (CT Scan) http://www.mypacs.net/repos/mpv3_repo/viz/full/0/38/120/39969726.jpghttp://www.mypacs.net/repos/mpv3_repo/viz/full/0/38/120/39969721.jpg Figure shows 30 years old men that have AIDS, presenting with left facial palsy. Figure (a) shows CT scan non contrast as a result a isodence lesion in the right basal ganglia, surrounded by hypodense edema and mass effect. Figure (b) shows CT with contrast that represent a ring- enchancing lesion in the right basal ganglia that surrounded by edema. ( Antonio, 2011) a b http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/diseasesandcondition/pediatric_emergencies/IMAGE/v7c09a%5B1%5D.jpg Figure (a) show some hypodensity in the thalami and temporal lobes without contrast, indicative of bilateral cortical and subcortical edema. Figure (b) shows there is meningeal enhancement at the margins of abnormal parenchymas as well as mild central enhancement after IV contrast is injected. There is no evidence of herniation. a bImage of encephalitis Figure 4.1 (a) is a CT scan of a normal brain. Figure 4.1 (b) shows contrast materials have accumulate in infected areas and around the brain from encephalitis. (Paul 2011) 4.2 MRI Imaging http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hsv_encephalitis.jpg/230px-Hsv_encephalitis.jpg Figure 4.2 high signals in the temporal lobes including hippocampal formations and parahippogampal grae, insulae and right inferior gyrus by using coronal T2- weighted MR. http://images.radiopaedia.org/images/539441/ea09c9c0186c85af7c888a031e559c_gallery.jpg Figure shows that MRI demonstrates extensive oedema in the right temporal lobes with areas of intrinsic high T1 signal, in keeping with haemorrhage. Axial proton densityà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬weighted image in a 62-year-o Figure shows 62 years old woman with confusion and herpes encephalitis with axial proton density- weight image. It demonstrates T2 hyperintensity involving the right temporal lobe. 4.3 Ultrosonography Full-size image (20 K) Figure demonstrate coronol ultrasound scan at the level of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. It performed with phased array transducer. It is shows mildly dilated frontal horns and bilateral grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage (arrows). CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION 5.1 Difference Encephalitis and Meningitis Encephalitis is the dangerous than meningitis because the person that has encephalitis is more develop to permanent neurologic disabilities. According to james nina 2004, meningitis is an inflammation of the meningeal that covering the brain and spinal cord. Bacteria, viruses or other organisms that reach the meninges are the causes of meningitis. This can be happened in elsewhere in the body by blood or lymph as a result from trauma and penetrating wounds, or from adjacent structures that become infected. Most common that cause meningitis is bacterial infection. Kathryn sue 1994 states that meningitis is infection of meninges that causes by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and other toxins. This infection can be classified to acute, subacute and chronic. The pathophysiology, treatment and clinical manifestation are different for each type of organism. Bacterial meningitis is a primary of an infection of the pia mater and arachnoid, the subarachnoid space, the ventricular system and the CFS (kathyn sue 1994). The types of bacteria that carry for acute bacterial meningitis are meningococci, streptococci, and pneumocci. Middle ear or frontal sinus is responsible that carried the bacteria to meninges. The most common meningitis in children is meningococcal, the most common meningitis in adult is pneumococcal and streptococcal meningitis is the most common in young children. CHAPTER SIX TREATMENT 6.1 Treatment The objective of treatment is to help the human body to fight the infection and relieve symptoms with give supportive care like example rest, nutrition, and fluids. Antibiotics will give to patients if the infection is caused by bacteria (certain bacteria) and antiviral medication (acyclovir and foscarnet) to treat herpes encephalitis or the severe viral infection. Anti seizure medication ( phenytoin) will be given to prevent seizures. (encephalitis 2012) Mayo 2011 states that treatment for mild cases include bed rest, drinking plenty of fluid and anti- inflammatory drugs such as acetaminophen to relieve fever and headache. For more severe cases of encephalitis can be category into three treatment which are Antiviral drugs, supportive care and follow up therapy. 6.1.1 Antiviral drugs Acylovir and Ganciclovir are antiviral drugs that common used to treat encephalitis but it is not responding for some viruses such as insect-borne viruses. This drug also can be very effective to treat herpes simplex virus. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain of muscle or joint and loss of appetite are the side effect for the antiviral drugs. Abnormalities in kidney or liver function are rare serious problem (Mayo 2011) 6.1.2 Supportive Care For severe encephalitis, additional supportive care also be needed in the hospital. This is including breathing assistance as monitor heart function and breathing, intravenous fluids is to ensure that appropriate levels of essential minerals and proper hydration. Anti- inflammatory also be given to help reduce pressure and swelling within the skull such as corticosteroids. Patient that have seizures or to prevent seizure, anticonvulsant medicine such as phenytoin is given (Mayo 2011). 6.1.3 Follow up therapy Follow up therapy is depending to the type or severity of complication. This therapy includes physical therapy which is to help improve flexibility, strength, motor coordination and balance. Occupational therapy is to use adaptive products that help with everyday activities and develop everyday skills. Patient that have speech problem, speech therapy can be help to relearn muscle control and coordination. Psychotherapy is learning how to be coping strategies and have new behavioural skills that can improve personality changes and mood disorder (Mayo 2011). 6.2 Diagnosis According to National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke (2011), the doctor may diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of inflammation and infection by following a physical exam and medical history to looking activities of the past several days such as patient have bite by animal or insects or any contact with ill persons. The patients may perform a neurological examination, laboratory screening of blood, urine and body sections and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. A neurological examination is to assess nerve function, coordination and balance, mental status, changes in behaviour and function of motor and sensory. Usually, the doctor use small light, reflex hammer to test of strength and sensation or nervous system. Laboratory screening of blood, urine and body secretions is use to determine the presence of antibodies and foreign body that can detect and recognize brain and spinal cord inflammation and infection. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is the procedure that known as lumbar puncture. The procedure of lumbar puncture is special needle is inserted into the lower back and then a small of amount of cerebrospinal fluids is removed. CHAPTER SEVEN PROGNOSIS 7.1 Expectations Usually, outcome of encephalitis is depend on what infection involves, the severity of illness, how quickly time treatment is given. Patient with very mild encephalitis most of them can make a full recovery, although the process treatment may be slow. The patient can be recovering in 2-4 weeks for patient have experience only fever, body stiffness and headache. For the severe cases, the patient may be have problem with hearing, speech, blindness, behaviour changes, seizures, memory loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive disabilities. Long-term therapy, medication and supportive care may be required for these patients. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) Goodman (2003) notes that patient who may have been ill at the onset , their rate recovery range from 10% to 50%. The patients have mumps meningoencephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis have an excellent expectation. Other encephalitis that have moderate to good rate of survival are western equine, St. Louis and California encephalitis. Herpes simplex encephalitis has a moderately good outcome, 50% of person neurologic disorder and 20% mortality. With similar infections, young children more take longer recover than adults. In infants, permanent cerebral sequelae are occurred. 7.2 Prevention Christian Nordqist (2009) found that the effectives way to reduced risk to get encephalitis by keeping up to date with vaccines. Other than that, take measures to reduce the risk being bitten in area to have mosquito that carry virus encephalitis. For example, keep house mosquito free, wearing appropriate clothing, do not go mosquito infested area, using insect repellent, avoid go outside at specific time where there a lot of mosquito, for example at night and make sure there are no stagnant water in house. Beside that, encephalitis can be prevented by avoid sharing food, glasses or other object that have be exposed from infected person. Good personal hygiene also can reduce risk to get disease from infected person. Wash hand frequently with soap and rinse under running water ( National Institude of Neurologic Disorder and Stroke 2011). CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSION

Internet Censorship Essay - America Needs Censorship of Cyberspace

America Needs Censorship of Cyberspace      Ã‚  Ã‚   In June of 1998 the country was horrified to learn of the death of James Byrd Jr. He was a 49-year-old black man who had been found horribly mutilated after being dragged to death. Authorities have charged three men with murder and violation of civil rights ("A Fatal Ride in the Night" 33). Obviously, if convicted, these men are guilty of a horrible crime, but what if this crime had been committed after viewing a racist website? If a person reads an emotionally charged, hate-filled website and then commits an act of violence, can the creator and owner of the website also be found guilty?    No laws have yet been established to censor material in cyberspace. The Communications Decency Amendment, which sought to ban pornography and other offensive material on the web, was struck down in Congress last year. The Internet has exploded in the past decade. It is everywhere and millions of people have access to it, through work, school, and home. As the Internet becomes a part of daily life for more and more people, laws need to be made to banning pornographic, racist, and other offending websites, to protect citizens from the threats these websites pose. Although some may see this as an infringement of their First Amendment rights, it is important for us as a society to reject these ideas and ban these websites.    Many lawmakers want to establish laws to control what is available on the Internet. Their number one reason is the availability of everything on the Internet to children. Even though parental controls, software that blocks offensive sites to children, are available many parents fail to use them. Senator J. James Exon, who proposed the amendme... ...Victor J. Vitanza. Allyn and Bacon, 1996. 157-159.    Russell, Diana E. H. "Pornography Causes Harm to Women." Women, Men, Gender. Mary Roth Walsh. Yale University Press, 1997. 158-168.    Stamper, Chris. ".XXX Marks the Porn Site." ABCnews.com. July 17, 1998. <http://archive.abcnews.com/sections/tech/DailyNews/dotxxx970715.html>    Thomas, Pierce. "Judge Delays Internet Porn Restrictions." CNNinteractive. Nov. 19, 1998. <http://cnn.com/TECH/computing/9811/19/internet.decency.02/index.html>    Von Boven, Sarah and Anne Belli Gesalman. "A Fatal Ride in the Night." Newsweek. 22 June, 1998: 33.    Walsh, Mary Roth. Women. Men, Gender. Yale University Press, 1997.    Wayne, Stephen J., G. Calvin MacKenzie, David M. O'Brien, Richard L. Cole. The Politics of American Government. St. Martin's Press, Inc. 1997.   

Mgmt 1

Project Charter Template GenRays HRIS System Project Charter GenRays 3/1/2012 Table of Contents Project Title Purpose Description Objective Success Criteria or Expected Benefits Funding Major Deliverables Acceptance Criteria Milestone Schedule Approval Requirements Project Manager Authorized by Project Title GenRays HRIS System Purpose Based upon stakeholder interviews the purpose for the HRIS system is to improve productivity, improve communication with potential employees, improve recruitment of qualified candidates, improve payroll efficiency processes, and improve overall Human Resource processes.Description The HRIS project will provide a significant boost to the overall human resources and payroll processes. By providing an automated online system for applications, potential candidates for positions may easily monitor the application process. In addition to this benefit, the updated employee database could be used to automatically fill out electronic forms and allow integration of multiple enhancements such as a leave system, employee training management, data reporting capabilities and employee monitored career paths. ObjectiveWe will work with the Information Technology, Human Resources, and Payroll departments to determine the best product that meets the needs of all units involved. By reviewing the available solutions and determining the overall expectations of the company as a whole, we may select a solution that provides for the expectations of those units. After the selection process we will work with the same units to configure the HRIS solution specifically for GenRays and the track the outcomes of the implementation. Success Criteria or Expected BenefitsImplementation of the HRIS System will address the following expectations:  ·Provide a career track for existing employees  ·Increase payroll process efficiency and productivity  ·Provide an online application solution with tracking capability  ·Provide more transparency in hiring  ·Pro vide enhanced review of job applicant credentials  ·Process payroll automatically  ·Process expense reports automatically  ·Enhance recruiting capabilities  ·Improve productivity in relation to electronic forms  ·Reduction of data entry error for payroll Provide a standard performance review system while reducing paperwork  ·Integrate performance reviews with a standard compensation schedule  ·Provide a standard position control system  ·Integrate performance reviews with training to evaluate training outcomes  ·Provide a leave management system  ·Provide an enhanced employee communication system  ·Reduce overall number of database systems managed Funding The funding for the HRIS project should be address by the VP of Finance. Generally, because the project supports that area most directly, the project ost should be assumed by that unit. It is possible that the CEO may be willing to fully fund the project due to his interest level. It is also possible that the project may be jointly funded with several units providing funding for their area of interest. For example, the HR unit may elect to absorb the cost of the HRIS system software license and associated internal personnel required for the project. Moreover, the IT unit may absorb the cost of the database migration and any human capital associated with the migration. Major Deliverables  ·Selection of HRIS Software Development of forecasted and estimated budget  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration  ·Implementation of payroll automation  ·Implementation of online applications  ·Implementation of performance review system  ·Implementation of employee communication system  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities  ·Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment  ·Migration of existing data into database Acceptance Criteria  ·Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software.Selection by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Development of forecasted and estimated budget oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement. Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, training and testing by Accounting (payroll) and IT.  ·Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT.  ·Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of employee commun ication system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Milestone Schedule  ·Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software. Selection by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Development of forecasted and estimated budget oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement.Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Milestone 1 (Selection and Budgeting – February 1, 2013) – Approvals by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers for HRIS selection and budget. From this point procurement of the HRIS solution and management of procurement begins.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, training and testing by Accounting (payroll) and IT.  ·Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT.  ·Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of employee communication system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.Milestone 2 – (Configuration and Tes ting – August 15, 2013) – Approval to move into the production environment after confirming configuration and expectations to be completed by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.Milestone 3 (Training – October 1, 2013) – Delivery of training to all employees utilizing the system. Milestone 34(Go Live – October 15, 2013) – Approval by IT unit that all features function correctly and are certified for quality. Approval Requirements Overall the assigned portions of the project need to be approved by the individual units as identified in the acceptance criteria section. Because individuals from the stakeholder areas are responsible for assisting in the configura tion and training portions of the project these areas will require approvals as they are completed.In addition, the overall project will require sign-off from all stakeholders in order to verify that expectations are met and we may implement into a production environment. In relation to change, a change management process will be put in place with direct approval coming from the Project Manager. The project manager will work to ensure that the expectations are reasonable, adhere to the scope, and are a technical feature of the selected HRIS solution. Once the project reaches the closing phase a final approval is required from the President and CEO indicating project completion. Project Manager Dara S. Fann Authorized by Date:

The Efficiency Oriented People - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3734 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? This proposal presents my research on the above topic. We will look into how HR managers can optimize a organization and also the turnover rate of the employment in the airline is generally high for cabin crews and staff retention is always a issue that arise in many companies in different nature of business and sometimes it is not only the wages that created such problem. Basically, I have structured the proposal into three different sections, for easier understanding and be organised. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Efficiency Oriented People" essay for you Create order Firstly, in the Literature Review section, it will explain on the theory of optimization of the organisation and staff retention, which includes memorable quotation, diagrams and striking examples. Secondly, in the Research methodology section, it will focus on type and nature of the research, description study, the choice of research instrument and the research limitations will be included. Thirdly, in the Presentation and Discussion section, it will analyse the data that is gathered earlier and present my analysis result by showing the relationship with observed facts and also the key problems that Singapore airline faces. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW It presents a summary of the academic literature on my chosen topic and serves to inform my research. It also develops my knowledge of chosen topic and helps me understand the organisation and topic better. 2.1 Optimization Premji (2006) define Optimization As the utilizing of organization resources well, at high efficiency and enables the organization to achieve the desired end results. This can be define as achieving or getting the full use of utilization efficiency and the effectiveness. (Premji, 2006) Above is the diagram which shows the relationship of the efficiency, utilization and effectiveness as mention earlier. From the diagram, we can understand that the change of any one of the factor the other factor may be changes as well. This means that for us to understand the performance of the organisation , we must have views in different aspects as all the factors are linked. For example, if utilization is very low, then both efficiency and effectiveness will not achieve any results therefore there will be no benefits that can be obtained from it. Very often, if the organization goals for the result is being achieved, it will tend to overlook the importance of the other factors. Organiza tion should not overlook the factors so as to better prepare themselves to achieve the future results. 2.1 Efficiency According to Premji (2006), Efficiency is defined as how well are you using what you are using. It is also known as the ratio of output and input. (Premji, 2006) This diagram shows the process of the input which resulted in output at the end of it. Usually in an organization, employee can be classified into three main groups: Output oriented people Input oriented people Efficiency oriented people 2.1.1 Output Oriented People Output oriented people are people who try all ways or anything that allows them to get the end results that they desired. These people try to get the most out of the output and using any ways they can to the input and process. It is necessary to understand that the output is actually different from the end results. Therefore, with maximize output does not necessary achieve good results. Generally the output oriented people will use more than what the cost should be to obtain a good result, however they will not notice it. As HR manager, he/she have to ensure that the organisation resources are fully utilized and should try not to employ output oriented people or creating such people in the organization. 2.1.2 Input Oriented People Input oriented people are known as workaholics. They generally focus on the input and the efforts, they believe by creating more input it will lead to a good output. Success to them are enjoying their work and work as hard as they could to achieve the desire output. As HR manager, he / she should recruit a fair percentage of these people, as they are able to perform the instructions given to them due to their working attitude. 2.1.2 Efficiency Oriented People Efficiency oriented people are people who believe in a return after the investment. Generally, they focus in make full use of the efficiency either to obtain a high output for a certain amount of input given or less to achieve a equivalent of output. As HR manager, who ensures that organization resources are being utilized, should try to hire and groom a larger percentage of efficiency-oriented employee in the organization. With the combination of input-oriented and efficiency oriented people, the organization performance is achievable. 2.2 Utilization Premji (2006) will define Utilization as the measure of how much are you using out of what you have. This means that one should put in whatever you have and not to miss out any opportunities. Utilization and Efficiency are closely linked and aid each other. For example in a case whereby there is a need for a reduction of input, and due to the increased in effieciency, the extra input can be used in somewhere else, due to utilization. The relationship between Utilization and Efficiency can affect an organisation performance. If organisations focus on Efficiency orientation without utilization focus, it will lead to apply efforts that give good returns. On the other hand, if organisations maintain Utilization focus without Efficiency orientation, will lead to using all available resources, without achieving adequate returns. 2.3 Effectiveness An organizations capability to achieve the wanted end result is known as Effectiveness. This may be related to profits, expansion, customer satisfaction, branding and many more. In an organisation, teams often set a results as their goals. (Premji, 2006) From the above diagram, visualizing the three factors that work on different purposes: Utilization deal with resources and efforts Efficiency concerned with quantity and quality output Effectiveness is all about desired results Utilization and Efficiency are the internal aspects of an organization, Effectiveness brings in the customers view and gives an external aspect to the Optimization. Effectiveness is related to the what the organization wants to achieve. For example, if organizations aspirations are low, end results can be easily be achieved, therefore effectiveness can be high. Premji (2006:9) mention that Effectiveness in an organization is all about knitting together the individual components with the strategy to achieve the end result. But there are two important criteria to be considered: Individual components must be good. Components must be knitted well together. The diagram below will show a better idea of knitting together: (Premji, 2006) Coverage of Effectiveness Efficiency UtilizationWith higher effectiveness, it does not only helps to achieve the expected results but also reduce the required output from carious processes, to achieve the same expected end results. On another hand, Hayes (2010) view effectiveness from a different aspect, he defined it as: Purpose: Profits are usually used to measure the organization effectiveness but not to all the organisation. For instance the government hospital, the effectiveness of hospitals will be on the waiting time and services provided and not the profits out of it. Hence, as manger, is required to identify the main performance indicators that reflect the purpose of the organization. Stakeholder pers pective: Different stakeholder uses different indicators to judge an organizations effectiveness. From their point of views, profits may be their main concern or rather the most important factor, but from the wider community of view, such as customer, employee and supplier, they are affected by products and services produced. Every individual have different views. The failure to manage the organization key stakeholders perception, it may threaten the organization . Level of assessment: By only focusing on the overall performance may resulted in inefficiencies being detected. Effectiveness can be assessed at different levels, such as the organization level, department level and individual. Alignment: Assessment of effectiveness need to be associated across the organization. At this point, it will be good to differentiate between effectiveness and efficiency, for better understanding all the factors, Carnall (2003) defines efficiency as achieving stated goals within given res ources constraints. And the definition of effectiveness includes the good use of resources to achieve goals but also the need to adapt to changing in order to remain efficiency . 2.4 Optimized Organization Peter F. Drucker (1993) defines business as: Business is a process which converts a resource, distinct knowledge into a contribution of economic value in the market place. As mention earlier on, Optimization is high Utilization, high Efficiency and high Effectiveness. The table below shows the nine possible combinations of Utilization, Efficiency and Effectiveness on a two point of scale high and low: Utilization Efficiency Effectiveness Conclusion Low Low Low Something fundamentally wrong. Low Low High Organization not ambitious enough Low High Low Resources idling Low High High Excess capacity High Low Low Lot of wastage High Low High Can reduce resources High High Low Weak knitting together High High High Optimized Organization (Premji, 2006) In conclusion of the table, it is insufficient to just work on one factor and the factors were not handle properly, it may lead to a reduction of optimization. All three factors should be maximises as a practice rather than as a reaction to a problem. 2.5 Staff retention Jennifer A Carsen (2005) defines retention as how many of your current employees stick around over a given period of time. However, retention may not always be a good thing for the organization this is so as retention may include poor performers, unhappy staff who may have been stuck in the job due to finances. Retention is all about retaining the good staff in the organisation. Retention may also weeding out of poor performers and keeping space for the better ones. 2.6 Workplace diversity Jennifer A Carsen (2005) , As the workforce continues to diversify, organisation must take equal employment opportunity so as to stay competitive. Organisation should not only employ staff of different race, culture, gender, age, sex but also to understand the ways that they can respect the staff values, expectations and capabilities. According to Jennifer A Carsen (2005) there are five reasons why the staff choose to leave the organisation: Staff are given no compelling reasons to stay : They do not feel a sense of belonging towards the organisation that they are in. Career limiting stereotypes : Some staff may feel that they are incompetent or not qualified , they feel the pressure of proving their competencies even when they have good performance in their job scope this therefore limit their career path as whatever they do do not seem to be the best to the organisation and they feel that it is hard for them to move forward. Poor supervision : Many superiors do not know how to handle their staff. The way superiors handle staff and solving problems do have a great impact to the staff too. For instance, if the staff felt that the superiors did not handle the problems fairly they may then choose to quit their job. Unclear and misaligned career path : Staff is unclear or unsure about their career path and when they do not know who in the organisation owns the career planning process. Safe assignments, unclear goals: Staff were not given with challenging projects. They are also concern about the unclear or shifting jobs performance criteria. 2.6 Instilling diversity principles In order to achieve staff retention, the organisation should implement the principles provided by Jennifer A Carsen (2005). Obtain commitment at the top : This is to achieve responsibility to all the levels especially the management so as to bring the implementation a success. Hold management accountable: Performance reviews and incentives award should be done by the management. Managers should treat all staff with respect and dignity. Reward those who embody the workforce diversity principles : Do not reward those who have failed to carry out the principles. Reward should be done fairly. Encourage employee participation : With the management alone to carry out the principles is not enough. Organisation should also encourage their staff to voice out and also allow them to play a part in implementing the principles. 3.0 Research Methodology A questionnaire (See appendix 1) is conducted for data collection. It involved around 100 cabin crews therefore the total collections of the questionnaire were 100 copies. Generally the questionnaires were conducted through a number of ways. Firstly, the questionnaires are distributed out through email or hard-copy to the cabin crews with the help of a friend who is also a cabin crew of SIA. Secondly, carrying out observation on the daily activities taking place in the airport whereby the cabin crews are always around there, and with a small discussion group (3-5 people). Lastly, arranging a short interview session with the various seniority of crews, these enhance the value of information that I have gathered as important information such as organizations optimization, retention and the ways these crews work. 3.1 Description Study Description Study act as a guide to the researchers in obtaining the data during the data collection : Contacting friend who for help, a covering letter with a summary of the study aim with a request of the interviewee requirement was send out via email. Getting the interviewee detail with a follow up phone call in which the researchers should explain the aim with more information and answer to any queries. Prepared for the Questionnaire and start sending it out through via email or hard-copy to all the interviewees who has responded . A letter of appreciation was send out to all the interviewees and follow up with the due date indicated. Do a follow up action by contacting all the interviewees if it is necessary for more enquires. For instance, a incomplete questionnaire. Sending questionnaire one more time to the interviewee who have yet to respond. Researcher shall make use of both personal and friendship circles when looking for participants who are either working at HR departments or those who have recruiting experience. The researcher would have to speak to the HR department , any of the representatives to see whether if they would like to participate or interested in the project as mentioned to them. With the contact details provided by the personal or friendship circles, the researcher may email or sent to the respondent to form a small group to observe the daily routine of their work or operation. With addition, a interview session will also be conducted with selected interviewees, mainly with people of different seniority, to enhance the value of the information which had been gathered through the questionnaire and the discussion group. The interview session is conducted based on 4 level of cabin crews within SIA, from flight stewardess, leading stewardess, chief stewardess and in-flight supervisor. In conclusion, the research sample includes 4 representatives from the cabin crew line.To maintain anonymity, personal details of t he interviewees have not been mentioned. 3.2 Research Rational Questionnaire (See Appendix 1) was being selected for my research because it is very cost saving and efficient as compare to other approach of the data gathering. And also this approach allows the interviewees to complete the questionnaire during their free time and they may feel more comfortable to give the answer of what they really felt as this questionnaire is anonymity. Interviewees are required to complete a self administered questionnaire, with 75% questions based on a 5 point scale is used to measure the variables. The constructs are measured based on the multi-items scales (MIS) rather than single item scales (SIS), as MIS allows the answer to be more specific to be averaged out when combined. According to Anderson and Narus (1990), to increase the response ratethe questionnaire should be send out twice. The interviewees will be given a due date of two wweks after the questionnaire had been send out. If no response was done after one week questionnaire will be send out for the second time. 3.3 Research Limitation The limitation of using questionnaire is expected as follows: Slow- Feedback: the interviewees do not respond or submit the questionnaire before the due date. Generally, take a longer time. Below Expected Result: Send out to 100 cabin crews, expected to receive 90% 100% but only received 50% responses. Incomplete Questionnaire Form Gathered: Some of the questionnaire is not completed especially under personal particular section and Question 4, about 40 % of the respondents leave it blank or place NIL Difficulty in Gathering Questionnaire result: Gathering of the results may be hard as the questionnaire are either send back via email or manually therefore a manual entry is require to sort or gather the data obtain. 4.0 Presentation and Discussion In this section, I will look into the optimization and also staff retention as mention in the previous sections. Both optimization and staff retention plays a important role to bring in the success of the organisation. William Bridges (1995) stated that There is no generally agreed-upon way to inventory an organizations culture nor is there any shortage of theorists and consultancies that have developed ways of mapping key elements from many different perspectives The data which had been collected can assist the managers understand the certain barriers and how to improve in the organisation. 4.1 Analysing Singapore Airline (SIA) Very often due to the complexity of the organization, most of the organization tends to forget about the importance of optimizing and staff retention. According to the report of my questionnaire, only about 30 percent of respondents indicated that they pay attention of optimizing and the staff retention as a ongoing basis. Majority of the respondents feels that the organisation only look into ways of optimizing and retain staff in the case when crisis happen. The questionnaire also shows that respondents view of staff retention as a general managerial tool (60 percent), for targeting major change initiatives (20 percent), as development opportunity (10 percent) and for building organizational strength (10 percent). Most importantly, optimizing a organisation and staff retention allows managers to gain knowledge into how employees view the organization to how they like the organisations. Another reason why many organizations tend not to pay attention is that the organisation may not have a idea or knowledge of it. In the questionnaire, respondents were split over the question of managements response of staff retention issue. With a result of majority (55 percent) felt that senior management tend to take changing issue seriously and the rest of the respondent (45 percent) state the reverse Managers may fear of changes is because they are worried that with changes the staff may raise a higher expectations and this may lead to work difference. Lastly, optimizing and staff retention is very important as it is the key to success or the organisation. 4.2 Assessing Singapore Airline ( SIA) alignment One of the key objective of optimizing and culture change is to test the degree of alignment. For instance if the organisation is not contributing to to high performance practices then there is a need for change to allow a closer alignment. In general , alignment is usually difficult to achieve and the closing up of the alignment gap may become a problem towards high performance. The common obstacles to high performance evident in my questionnaire finding include: Lack of Share Values: The strategy is not clear and even when a strategy is set it is not being practised, unsuitable management pattern and the lack of openness to take in new changes. Lack of Leadership: Did not take the need of the staff seriously , stopping the politics and conflict and did not address on the issue of workload. Lack of Mentorship: Do not have time to coach and develop the staff, shortage of skills, heavy workloads and high stress. Inappropriate Systems: The rewards given is inappropriat e, the meetings are poorly run and it beats the purpose of having one. 4.3 Assessing Singapore Airline (SIA) performance In order to achieve high performance it involves the Achieving high performance involves in a connection between employee and the organization. As we all know, employee wants to feel that they are being valued by the organisation by their good performance and to be fairly accessed. Managers can play a role by influencing on every individual performance by giving the need and support to assist the staff to do a good job, especially those with experienced. 4.3.1 Level of Accountability Generally, the common problem that SIA face is when the the staff do not have a clear idea whether the work had been done to avoid overlapping. This in return cause a double work. To ensure a correct level of accountability the staff will require to have a correct information to allow them to know what is being required. To ensure the increase of accountability of SIA, it will require looking into: Job explanation Clarify everyday jobs Manage Performance Use progress reviews. Impose sanctions if necessary 4.3.2 Rewards System It is very important in conveying the organizational values: Performance benchmark Performance expectations Rewards have two organizational objectives: To recognise past performance To motivate people to perform The most important factor is that the staff have to feel that the reward is being carried out fairly. Reasonable salary is the most basic to create a trust, as each individual do not want to feel that they are actually being underpaid. 5.0 Conclusion Through this research project, it allows me to find some useful data in which allows me to know what to do to retain a staff and also introduce to me the idea of optimizing the organisation and i realise the main concern is how to increase performance of the organization. In this research, staff retention is a key issue to performance success as it will optimize the organization to achieve higher operation, competence and success in return achieving a better or improving the performance of the organisation. In conclusion, there is no two similar organisation which is the same and develop the same solution for staff retention and in optimizing the organisation to achieve the high performance and success, it is usually situational. There is many challengers and pressure from both internal and external environment, and so a constant change is always required to catch up with the changing environment. Organizations should look into how the business can be competitive to other organi sation and should provide a learning experience to the staff and growth as well so as to create a greater staff engagement. When these staff obtain a higher ski , the chances of getting a higher performance is greater and easier. All organisation should be flexible. However the flexibility will depend on the organisations ability to digest the information and be decisive in the decision being made. Lastly, the road to success of the organisation will depend on the people willingness to adapt to the new changes and so it is important for the organisation to know exactly what is the need of their employees need.